To improve the strengths of the adhesive joints of high density polyethylene hdpe and polypropylene pp to steel, the surfaces of hdpe and pp sheets have been treated by dc glow discharge to increase the polar component of surface energy significantly. The 1d and 2d models show how to use the dc discharge interface to set up an analysis of a positive column. Plasma sources science and technology plasma sources sci. It is often created by applying a voltage between two electrodes in a glass tube containing a lowpressure gas.
Relationship of pressure and plasma temperature in plasma. The system consists of a solid disc cathode and mesh anode. The decomposition characteristics of an artificial biogas, which is a mixture of ch 4, co 2, and h 2 s, using a low. Pdf dc normal glow discharges in atmospheric pressure atomic and molecular gases alexander gutsol academia. General schematic of a glow discharge incorporating a movable cathode, a permanent magnet, a helmholtz coil, and langmuir probe. A dc glow discharge cell with planar electrodes operating at about 1torr has been characterized with an inlet ow from ambient air. About 65% of the hydrogen atoms in ch 4 are converted into h 2 at an input energy of 800 j, at which ch 4 is. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Specific energy cost for nitrogen fixation as using dc glow. Ppt glow discharge powerpoint presentation free to view.
Realization of soc behavior in a dc glow discharge plasma. Along the way to the anode, electrons will experience many collisions with other ions and dc glow discharge. We present experimental investigations of dc glow discharges in atmospheric pressure air with the aim of producing nonequilibrium air plasmas with high electron density. Dc parallel plate normal glow discharge unobstructed operation. Pdf remote atmospheric pressure dc glow discharge treatment. Nitrogen dc glow discharges, conducted in a cylindrical geometry, have been characterized using. Gas inlet hollow cathode anode substrate e glow discharge electron beam plasma source gas inlet cathode anode grid substrate glow discharge. It is found in products such as fluorescent lights and plasmascreen televisions, and is used in plasma physics and analytical chemistry, and has been proposed as an alternative method by which stars produce their visible spectra.
Given the above arguments, one would expect that the addition of nitrogen would lead to an. Based on a series of reasonable assumptions, the analytical solutions are obtained. Remote atmospheric pressure dc glow discharge treatment for adhesion improvement of pdms. Secondary electrons provide a source to sustain glow discharge positive ion comes close to surface of target, as a potential well some of target electrons can tunnel into the ion, and escape from the target extra energy is released in the form of photon. Occasionally however, a free electron may be released from a molecule by the. We discuss the various phenomena observed in the dc glow discharge, including the cathode region, the positive column, and striations.
Spectroscopic study of argon dc glow discharge abdou a. Other modifications to dc sputtering hollow cathode, triode enhance ionization and enable lower gas pressures. It is well known that current transfer to cathodes of dc glow. The dc plasma reactor consists of two ringshaped electrodes, mounted in parallel, namely the anode, through which a vaporized liquid monomer is directly injected, and the cathode, through. These 2 kw supplies will drive the standard aluminum glow rod for ionization bombardment of substrates prior to the coating process. Pulsed dc glow discharge plasma nitriding process on the aisi. Low temperature plasmas can be created in a variety of ways. The distance between two parallel plate electrodes was about 37. This paper presents the development of a three dimensional second order fluid model, used to properly describe a dc glow discharge, maintained by.
Experimental verification of modified paschens law in dc. In this report, the initial design, simulations results, and experimental data will be discussed. Present study investigates the effect of mechanical polishing prior to surface modification of substrates of hdpe and pp sheets by exposure to dc glow discharge, on the surface energy and their adhesive joint strength to steel. In its simplest form, it consists of two electrodes in a cell held at low pressure 0. The dc glow discharge appears in the discharge current range from. Glow discharge plasma properties of gases of environmental interest. Pdf structure and modes of dc glow discharge in nitrogen with. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. The discharge occurs in nitrogen gas at the lefthand side of paschens curve. Pdf the transition of a negative corona discharge into a glow discharge at atmospheric pressure is investigated. Surface modification with a remote atmospheric pressure. The simplest type of glow discharge is a directcurrent glow discharge. When the voltage exceeds a value called the striking voltage, the gas ionization becomes selfsustaining, and the tube glows with a colored light.
The electrodes are powered by a highvoltage power supply in series with a ballast resistor. Characterization of low pressure plasmadc glow discharges. Electrons will be accelerated from cathode to anode and acquire more energy. The discharge took place between a virtual cathode and a mesh anode similar to a pulsed virtual cathode oscillator or vircators. Dc glow discharges can occur with several shapes, sizes and relative locations of the anode and cathode electrodes. The dc glow discharge plasmas have been used for plasma applications in the low and intermediate pressure regions in modern technology. In this paper, a remote dc glow discharge at atmospheric pressure is employed for surface modi. A dc glow discharge operating with a virtual cathode is studied. Vi curves and plasma parameters in a high density dc glow. Along the way to the anode, electrons will experience many collisions with other ions and dc glow discharge plasma. In dc glow discharge, there is a fixed cathode and a fixed anode. Surface modification with a remote atmospheric pressure plasma. Plasma physics page 4 dc glow discharge before application of the potential, gas molecules are electrically neutral and the gas at room temperature will contain very few if any charged particles. Pdf this paper studies the modes of burning and structure of the glow discharge with hollow cathode and flat anode and hollow anode.
The plasma electron density in the axial direction has been found to. Wissela and andrew zwickerb princeton plasma physics laboratory, princeton, new jersey 08543 jerry ross shawnee state university, portsmouth, ohio 45662 sophia gershman advanced research innovation in science education arise, scotch plains, new jersey 07076. Glow discharge is a type of plasma that is generated when dc voltage is applied to the two electrodes inside a glass tube containing precursor gas in the pressure range of 0. Practically this limits dc sputtering to materials of a resistivity less than 106 cm no insulators. Rack plasma physics page 5 dc glow discharge when a large voltage is applied between the electrodes, say 100 vcm, any free electrons which may be present are rapidly accelerated toward the anode. The dc glow discharge is maintained by the emission of secondary electrons from the cathode target due to the. Additionally, a ballast resistor 10 kx, 50 w, tyco electronics, usa in the anode circuit was applied to stabilize the discharge current. The effects of the discharge on the surface properties of pdms are probed using contact angle measurements, xps and tpeel tests. Dc glow discharge in axial magnetic field at low pressures. Schematics of plasma systems dc and rf systems matching.
The nitrogen pressure in the cylindrical glass tube chamber was. Dc glow discharges in the lowpressure regime have long been used for gas lasers and fluorescent lamps. Pdf study of dc glow discharge plasma of various metal. Spectroscopic characterization of miniaturized atmospheric. Cntnanostructured materials have been chosen based on cnts stability in water vapor, which is considered as a replacement for mercury vapor in glow discharge based light sources i. In pointtoplane unipolar current coronas, as well as in wirecylinder or wireplane ones, space. It will be used as a source of electrons to further ionize molecules by electron impact in a portable mass spectrometer. Specific energy cost for nitrogen fixation as using dc. A glow discharge is a kind of plasma consisting of equal concentration of positive and negative charges and a large number of neutral species. Tcdp system has been developed to use for magnetized, unmagnetized, and for low.
Glow discharge breakdown voltage paschens curves cathode material. When the pressure is reduced in a glass tube sealed. Multiple solutions in the theory of dc glow discharges comsol. Surface modification of hdpe and pp by mechanical polishing. Treats glow discharge at several levels from basic phenomena to industrial applicationspractical techniques diligently related to fundamentals. To help the ion source produce this current, a dc, glowdischarge plasma gun was designed using coupled fluid dynamic, heat transfer, mechanical stress and deformation, and ionelectron trajectory simulations. Electric glow discharge is a type of plasma formed by passing a current at 100 v to several kv through a gas, usually argon or another noble gas. The dc glow discharge of nitrogen gas was carried out by 5 kv dc power supply, which was used to bias voltage between two parallel plate electrodes in the cylindrical glass tube chamber. Subjects range from voltage, distributions encountered in plasma etching systems to plasma. Results show that the dc glow discharge transforms the.
Decomposition characteristics of an artificial biogas in a. Dc discharges are attractive to study because the solution is time independent. Pdf study of dc glow discharge plasma of various metal oxide nano particles doped semiconductor films international journal of advanced science and engineering ijase academia. Influence of nitrogen admixture on plasma characteristics in.
The voltage supplied to electrodes was within the range of. Kotp abstractin this paper, emission spectra of both positive column pc and negative glow ng regions of the dc glow. An adjustable highvoltage dc source v bias fluke 415b allows us to excite and drive the tube in the glow discharge operating region. Dbh discharge expectations district of columbia municipal regulations dcmr title 22, health, subtitle a, mental health, chapter 63.
Glow discharge, plasmacathode interaction, self organization. It is shown that the model is consistent with the basic equations of the glow discharge without considering axial magnetic field, but the results are not the same. The plasma properties from a dc pseudo discharge have been studied in lowpressure nitrogen gas. Structure of a dc glow discharge anode cathode faraday k space dark dark space negative aston dark space. Department of applied sciences, meerut institute of engineering and technology, meerut250005, india email. Several experimentally observed features of these discharges were reproduced in the numerical computations, including the expansion of the electrode spot with increasing discharge current. Masouda a plasma physics and nuclear fusion department, atomic energy authority, cairo, egypt. Ppt glow discharge powerpoint presentation free to.
Atmospheric pressure glow discharge in air is the focus of nonthermal plasma study currently. Sep 10, 2014 the dc glow discharge was first observed with helium, neon and nitrogen used as working gas in a tube at the low pressure and characterized by different regions depending on the discharge. Experiments in a low pressure glow discharge on gases of environmental relevance. Certification standards for substance use disorder treatment and. One can see, the structure of the glow discharge is as follows.
The nonuniform dc glow discharge plasma system is studied by using isolated computer controlled three couples of double probe system tcdp in argon gas, simultaneously. A dc glow discharge electron source cell gdes with a cold cathode can be used as a low power source of electrons, with reduced outgassing phenomena compared to a heated lament ion source 1 6. Glow discharge has been used by many cryoem microscopist to treat the tem grids and make the surface hydrophilic. Pdf dc normal glow discharges in atmospheric pressure. Develops detailed understanding of the deposition and etching of materials by sputtering discharge, and of etching of materials by chemically active discharge. Characterization of argon directcurrent glow discharge with. Morphological and structural analysis of polyaniline and. Threedimensional modelling of the dc glow discharge.
The electrodes are situated in the center of a quartz tube id 10mm, od 12 mm and held by two copper fixtures in the copper tubes id 7mm, od 10 mm. The dc glow has an anode a and a cathode c housed in a glass vessel. Remote atmospheric pressure dc glow discharge treatment for. The use of dc glow discharges as undergraduate educational.
Dc glow discharge can only generate extremely weak plasma, which happens to be suitable for surface treatment of. The behavior of low pressure dc electrical discharges in gases was studied by many english and german physicists during the 19th century. The use of dc glow discharges as undergraduate educational tools. Chapter 2 the glow discharge um students repository. Dc glow discharge plasma has wide range of applications in microelectronic industry, material surface cleaning, plasma polymerisations, optical emission spectrometry gdoes and. Free fulltext pdf articles from hundreds of disciplines, all in one place spectroscopic characterization of miniaturized atmosphericpressure dc glow discharge generated in contact with flowing small size liquid cathode pdf paperity. Experimental observation of the new elements production in the deuterated andor hydride palladium electrodes, exposed to low energy dc glow discharge.
Uniform dc glow discharge using cnt nanostructured. Pdf realization of soc behavior in a dc glow discharge. Nitrogen glow discharge by a dc virtual cathode azza m. Atmospheric pressure glow discharges generated in contact. Napartovich 1 1 troitsk institute for innovation and fusion research, ul. Adolf cortel, august 20 the regions and colors of the glow discharge in an evacuated tube depends on the pressure and on the gas inside it. Morphological and structural analysis of polyaniline and poly. Therefore, the term glow discharge polymerization is used synonymously with. Aug 08, 20 adolf cortel, august 20 the regions and colors of the glow discharge in an evacuated tube depends on the pressure and on the gas inside it. The use of dc glow discharges as undergraduate educational tools stephanie a. In many cases a dc plasma or dc glow discharge is used, which is. Dc glow discharge can only generate extremely weak plasma, which happens to be suitable for surface treatment of fragile holey carbon grids. Influence of nitrogen admixture on plasma characteristics.
It is found that h 2, co, c 2 h 2, h 2 o, cs 2, and cos are produced from the artificial biogas in the glow discharge. The problem in dc glow discharge is overcome by applying an alternating voltage between the two electrodes, such as in the capacitively coupled radio. In the present investigation, pulsed dc glow discharge plasma nitriding process on the aisi 1045 steel has been carried out at three different temperatures i. The voltage was applied on these electrodes between 800 v to 1400 v. The corona discharge, its properties and specific uses. For simplicity, the study focused on twodimensional problems. Uniform dc glow discharge using cnt nanostructured cathodes. A glow discharge is a plasma formed by the passage of electric current through a gas. Other applications of this power supply include dc bias to substrates in sputter systems and uses requiring saturable reactor current sources for.